Examining diversity of terrestrial mammal communities across forest reserves in Sabah, Borneo

Tropical forest reserves have conservation value for terrestrial mammals and are threatened by anthropogenic pressures, especially conversion to other land-use types. To assess mammalian biodiversity of in Sabah, Borneo, we used camera trapping data estimate species richness, beta diversity, phylogenetic functional diversity nine with different management classifications backgrounds. Multiregional multispecies occupancy models (MSOM) were differentiate the reserves, estimates transformed into metrics. We found a significant difference mammal composition within each reserve, various clustering or dispersion levels indicated standard effect mean pairwise distances (SES MPD). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was both observed MSOM estimates, modeling numerous environmental covariates as random effects, finding that reserve effects mainly responsible structuring communities. Deramakot Forest Reserve overall high compared reserves. This has been particularly successful at sustainable long-term certification, highlighting gains sustainability programs diversity. Conversely, several showed lower scores than IUCN presumed extant lists, local defaunation while still retaining profile (critically endangered, vulnerable) species. study highlights fragility assemblages across state need mitigation, refaunation, an integrated approach allow comprehensive ensure conservation.